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If you add a directory but only one file is new, the adding process will generally be faster. But if you have 1000s of files, while only 1% is newer, it might be faster to write a script that just adds what you want to add.

You can manipulate directories in IPFS with the ipfs object patch commands.

USAGE
  ipfs object patch - Create a new merkledag object based on an existing one.

SYNOPSIS
  ipfs object patch

DESCRIPTION

  'ipfs object patch <root> <cmd> <args>' is a plumbing command used to
  build custom DAG objects. It mutates objects, creating new objects as a
  result. This is the Merkle-DAG version of modifying an object.

SUBCOMMANDS
  ipfs object patch add-link <root> <name> <ref> - Add a link to a given object.
  ipfs object patch append-data <root> <data>    - Append data to the data segment of a dag node.
  ipfs object patch rm-link <root> <link>        - Remove a link from an object.
  ipfs object patch set-data <root> <data>       - Set the data field of an IPFS object.

  Use 'ipfs object patch <subcmd> --help' for more information about each command.

Quick example:

$ tree
.
└── test-directory
    ├── file-a
    └── file-b

$ ipfs add -r test-directory
added QmSJY8R8qM1HWRTxWxtRwtdxTq6Jqgtx5GQ2RvrUJRUoRx test-directory/file-a
added QmeRjufJQ5oNb3PEmDFZeZ9jPuZRbp5Gnaeahcw8ogq7nd test-directory/file-b
added QmVK4zcfWHyEqHmkWqMPNTH1q3LyPndPCoE5PYRfq1V8A2 test-directory

$ echo "c file" >> test-directory/file-c

$ tree
.
└── test-directory
    ├── file-a
    ├── file-b
    └── file-c

1 directory, 3 files

$ ipfs add test-directory/file-c
added QmPrLX9CiHph7yF5ZtU1ypxxdxgNX3RYLhjcJVSqyCTGr3 file-c

$ ipfs object patch add-link QmVK4zcfWHyEqHmkWqMPNTH1q3LyPndPCoE5PYRfq1V8A2 file-c QmPrLX9CiHph7yF5ZtU1ypxxdxgNX3RYLhjcJVSqyCTGr3
QmZm33yVb5uXAMjZDbL7Q1x69ZTFL6e65sMvYof1R7eh1J

What happened on the example above is:

  • Use tree to print the directory structure
  • Add directory with ipfs add
  • Create a new file named file-c
  • Check directory structure again
  • Add just file-c to IPFS
  • Use ipfs object patch add-link to add a new link to our directory object.
  • The output returns from the add-link command is the new hash to our root-directory with the updated link
$ ipfs object patch add-link QmVK4zcfWHyEqHmkWqMPNTH1q3LyPndPCoE5PYRfq1V8A2 file-c QmPrLX9CiHph7yF5ZtU1ypxxdxgNX3RYLhjcJVSqyCTGr3

Translates to

$ ipfs object patch add-link <root-directory> <link-name> <link-hash>

Where root-directory is the hash you want to add a link in.

link-name is the name of that link (for example, the filename)

link-hash is the hash that link should resolve to.

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